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GMAT Math Formula Sheet


1. Algebra
  • Exponential equations:
    • x^n * x^m = x^(n+m)
    • (x^n) / (x^m) = x^(n-m)
    • (x/y)^n = x^n / y^n
    • x^n * y^n = (xy)^n
    • (xy)^z = x^z * y^z
    • x^-n = 1/x^n
    • 1^n = 1
    • x^0 = 1
    • 0^n = 0 (Note: 0^0 is considered an indeterminate form)
  • Quadratic equations:
    • General form: ax^2 + bx + c = 0
    • Quadratic formula: x = [-b ± sqrt(b² - 4ac)] / 2a
  • Other formulas:
    • Future Value = Current Value * (1 + growth rate)^Time
    • Distance = Speed * Time
    • Wage = Rate * Time
2. Arithmetic
  • Combinatorics:
    • Combinations: nCk = n! / [(n-k)! * k!]
    • Permutations: nPk = n! / (n-k)!
    • Circular permutations: (n-1)!
  • Fractions:
    • (a/b) / (c/d) = (a/b) * (d/c)
  • Percents:
    • Percent change = (New - Old) / Old
    • New Value = (1 + Growth Rate) * Old Value
  • Probability:
    • Probability of Event E = P(E) = Number of favorable outcomes / Total number of outcomes
    • P(not E) = 1 - P(E)
    • P(E or F) = P(E) + P(F) - P(E and F)
    • P(E and F) = P(E) * P(F) (If E and F are independent events)
3. Number Properties
  • Odd * Even = Even
  • Odd * Odd = Odd
  • Even * Even = Even
  • Odd ± Even = Odd
  • Odd ± Odd = Even
  • Even ± Even = Even
  • Positive * Positive = Positive
  • Positive * Negative = Negative
  • Negative * Negative = Positive
  • Positive / Negative = Negative
  • Positive / Positive = Positive
  • Negative / Negative = Positive
4. Statistics
  • Mean (average) = Sum of all numbers / Number of numbers
  • Median: the middle number (or average of the two middle numbers if there are an even number of values) when all values are arranged in ascending order
  • Mode: the most frequently occurring value in a data set
5. Geometry
  • Angles:
    • Sum of Interior Angles of a Polygon = (n-2) * 180 (where n = number of sides)
    • Central Angle = 2 * Inscribed Angle
  • Area:
    • Square: A = side^2
    • Rectangle: A = length * width
    • Parallelogram: A = base * height
    • Trapezoid: A = 0.5 * (base1 + base2) * height
    • Circle: A = πr^2
    • Sector of a Circle = (central angle/360) * πr^2
  • Perimeter:
    • Square: P = 4 * side
    • Rectangle: P = 2 * (length + width)
    • Circle: C = 2πr
  • Triangles:
    • Area: A = 0.5 * base * height
    • Pythagorean theorem: a^2 + b^2 = c^2
  • Volume:
    • Cube: V = side^3
    • Rectangular solid (Box): V = length * width * height
    • Cylinder: V = πr^2h
6. Interest Formulas
  • Simple Interest: Interest = Principal * rate * time
  • Compound Interest (annually): Interest = Principal * (1 + rate)^time
  • Compound Interest (compounded n times per year): Interest = Principal * (1 + rate/n)^(n*time)

This list should cover the majority of the formulas you would need for the GMAT's Quantitative section, but understanding how to apply them is equally important. Practice solving a variety of GMAT problems to become more comfortable with these concepts.

Click below to download a list of GMAT math formulas.
GMAT Formulas List PDF
File Size: 523 kb
File Type: pdf
Download File

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  • Z Table
    • Z Scores to Percentiles Chart
    • Z Score Calculator
    • Z Score Probability Calculator
    • Interactive Z Table
    • Z Score Formula
    • How to calculate the z score
    • How To Use Z-Score Table
    • Calculate Z-score
    • Parameters in Statistics
    • Z Score Chart Basics
    • History on Normal Distirbution
    • Statistics Z Score Jokes
    • When to Use Z Test vs T Test
    • Z Score Practice Problems
    • Confidence Interval Calculator >
      • Confidence Interval in Excel
      • 90 confidence interval z score
      • 95 Confidence Interval Z Score
      • 99 Confidence Interval Z Score
    • Z Score Confidence Interval
  • Statistics
    • Statistics Symbols
    • Statistics Formulas >
      • Binomial Coefficient
      • Empirical Rule
      • Correlation Coefficient
    • Cumulative Binomial Probability Calculator
    • Interquartile Range Calculator
    • Empirical Rule Calculator
    • Mean, Median and Mode Calculator
    • Sample Size Calculator
    • Other Statistical Tables >
      • T Value Table
      • Chi-Square Table
      • F Distribution Table
    • Standard Deviation Calculator
    • Normal vs Non-Normal Distribution: Understanding the Differences
    • Explanatory Variable: Understanding Its Role in Statistical Analysis
    • Independent variable vs dependent
    • Statistics Forum
  • Math
    • Times Tables >
      • 1 Times Table
      • 2 Times Table
      • 3 Times Table
      • 4 Times Table
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        • TEMP XVII Roman Numerals
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      • Two-Variable Linear Equations Test with Answers
      • One Variable Linear Equations >
        • Ax=B Linear Equation Calculator
        • Ax=B Linear Equation Practice Test
    • Decimal Places Value Chart
    • Cone Volume Calculator
    • Rounding Calculator >
      • Round 15 to the nearest ten
      • Round 75 to the nearest ten
      • Round 35 to the nearest ten
      • Round 5 to the nearest ten
      • Round 3 to the Nearest Ten
    • Factor Calculator >
      • Factor of 36
      • Factor of 30
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      • 37 C to F
    • Fahrenheit to Celsius Converter >
      • 68 F to C
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      • 60 kg to lb
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    • Acing the SAT: A Comprehensive and Actionable Study Guide
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    • CFA Sample Practice Questions | Level 3| Answers and Explanations
    • How to Prepare for CFA level 1: An Actionable Study Guide
    • ​GRE Practice Math Questions | Free | Answers & Explanations
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    • XXV Roman Numerals
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  • XVIII Roman Numerals